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Immigrant Students’
Rights to Attend
Public Schools
Public schools, by law, must serve all children. The education of undocumented
students is guaranteed by the Plyler vs. Doe decision, and certain procedures must
be followed when registering immigrant children in school to avoid violation of their
civil rights. Recent executive orders issued by the Administration do not alter the right
of undocumented students to receive a free public education.
La educación de los estudiantes indocumentados está garantizada por la decisión
Plyler vs. Doe estableciendo ciertos procedimientos que se deben ejecutar al
inscribir a los niños inmigrantes en la escuela para evitar la violación de sus
derechos civiles. No se les puede negar el derecho a una educación de calidad. Las
órdenes ejecutivas recientes emitidas por la Administración no alteran el derecho de
los estudiantes indocumentados a recibir una educación pública gratuita.
Derechos de los estudiantes inmigrantes a
asistir a escuelas públicas
1
2 © IDRA, 2017
The U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S.
Department of Education published in May
2014 a letter advising school officials that
activities that deny or discourage students to
attend school are unlawful. The letter begins,
“Under federal law, state and local
educational agencies are required to provide
all children with equal access to public
education at the elementary and secondary
level.”
In Plyler vs. Doe, the U.S. Supreme Court
ruled that children of undocumented workers
have the same right to attend public primary
and secondary schools as do U.S. citizens
and permanent residents. Like other
students, children of undocumented workers
in fact are required under state laws to
attend school until they reach a mandated
age.
School personnel – especially building
principals and those involved with student
intake activities – should be aware that they
have no legal obligation to enforce U.S.
immigration laws.
El Departamento de Justicia de EE.UU. y el
Departamento de Educación de EE.UU., ha
publicado y distribuido una carta aconsejando a
administradores de escuela que el negar o
disuadir a estudiantes indocumentados o de
padres indocumentados es ilegal y contra este
dictamen legal. La carta comienza así: “Bajo la
ley federal, agencias educativas tanto estatales
como locales están obligadas a proporcionar a
todo niño la igualdad de acceso a la educación
pública a nivel de primaria y secundaria.”
El Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos, en el
caso Plyler vs. Doe, dictaminó que los niños de
padres indocumentados tienen el mismo derecho
de asistir a las escuelas públicas primarias y
secundarias que tienen sus contrapartes de
nacionalidad estadounidense. Al igual que los
demás niños, los estudiantes indocumentados
están obligados a asistir a la escuela hasta que
llegan a la edad exigida por la ley.
Personal de la escuela – en especial la el director
y los que admiten los estudiantes – deben ser
conscientes de que no tienen la obligación legal
de ejecutar cumplir las leyes de inmigración de
Estados Unidos.
2
3 © IDRA, 2017
Victimize children – Children do not
choose the conditions under which they live
in the United States. Many undocumented
immigrant parents bring their children to the
United States because they are fleeing
extreme poverty, violence and lack of
opportunities in their homeland. Children
should not be punished for circumstances
they do not control. They have the right to
learn and be useful members of society.
Are counterproductive for the
country – Denying children access to
education does not eliminate illegal
immigration. Instead, it ensures the creation
of an underclass. Without public education for
children, illiteracy rates will increase and
opportunities for workforce and community
participation will decrease. Research has
proven that for every $1 spent on the
education of children, at least $9 is returned.
Waste valuable time while losing
sight of principal goals of public
education – Rather than teaching
students, school officials would spend their
time asking our millions of school children
about their citizenship status and trying to
navigate the complex federal immigrations
laws. States would be forced to spend
millions of dollars to do the work of the U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
agency.
Promote misinformation – Incorrect
assumptions and inappropriate figures have
been used to blame immigrants and their
children for economic problems.
Encourage racism and
discrimination – In turbulent, financially-
troubled times, immigration often becomes a
focal point of public discourse. Many consider
a preoccupation with the immigration status
of children of undocumented workers to be
a form of discrimination and racism.
Practices that deny or discourage immigrant children and families from
public schooling do the following…
3
4 © IDRA, 2017
Victimizar a los niños – Los niños no
eligieron las condiciones en las que viven en
los Estados Unidos. Muchos padres
inmigrantes indocumentados traen a sus
hijos a los Estados Unidos porque están
huyendo de la pobreza extrema, la violencia
y la falta de oportunidades en su tierra natal.
Los niños no deben ser castigados por
circunstancias que no controlan. Ellos tienen
el derecho de aprender y ser miembros útiles
de la sociedad.
Es contraproducente para el país –
El negar a estos niños el acceso a la
educación no elimina la inmigración ilegal,
sino que crea una subclase económica en el
país. Aumentarán las tasas de analfabetismo
y se reducirá la participación de éstos en las
comunidades donde viven. Según las
investigaciones, cada dólar que se invierte en
la educación de estos niños tiene un
rendimiento de por lo menos nueve dólares
en beneficios para el país.
Es tiempo valioso que se pierde
cuando perdemos la meta principal
de la escuela – Se pierde mucho tiempo,
que se podría emplear mejor en la educación
de estos niños, cuando los educadores se
enfocan en determinar la ciudadanía de cada
estudiante. Esa no es la responsabilidad del
educador. El educador conciente de su
responsabilidad no tiene el tiempo ni debe
permitir que se le agregue esta
responsabilidad.
Cuidado con la información
incorrecta – La distribución de
suposiciones y cifras incorrectas ha causado
mucho daño y creado un ambiente de
incertidumbre y fricción entre grupos de
ciudadanos.
Impulsan el racismo y la
discriminación– Estamos viviendo en
una época de mucha discordia y dificultades
económicas en este país. Siempre que esto
sucede renace esta preocupación por la
inmigración que muchos consideran como
Prácticas que niegan o desalientan a los niños y familias inmigrantes de
la escuela pública resultan en lo siguient…
4
5 © IDRA, 2017
As a result of the Plyler ruling, public schools may not…
• make inquiries of students or parents intended
to expose their undocumented status;
• deny admission to a student during initial
enrollment or at any other time on the basis of
undocumented status;
• treat a student differently to determine
residency;
• engage in any practices to “chill” the right of
access to school, such as requiring driver’s
licenses of parents to register their child;
• require students or parents to disclose or
document their immigration status;
• demand that parents produce driver’s licenses
or other identification documents for which
undocumented immigrants may not qualify for
registering children; or
• require social security numbers from all
students, as this may expose undocumented
status.
Adults without social security numbers who are
applying for a free lunch and/or breakfast program
for a student need only state on the application
that they do not have a social security number.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy
Act prohibits schools from providing any
outside agency – including the ICE agency
– with any information from a child’s school
file that would expose the student’s
undocumented status. The only exception is
if an agency gets a court order (subpoena)
that parents can then challenge. Schools
should note that even requesting such
permission from parents might act to “chill”
a student’s Plyler rights.
5
6 © IDRA, 2017
A raíz de la decisión Plyler, las escuelas públicas no pueden…
• interrogar a estudiantes o padres con la intención de
obligarlos a exponer y revelar su situación de
indocumentados;
• negarle la matrícula a un estudiante basándose en
su situación legal y/o inmigratoria, ya sea a
principios del curso o durante el año escolar;
• tratar a un estudiante en forma desigual verificando
la situación de residencia de ciertos estudiantes;
• promover prácticas cuyo resultado es negar el
derecho de acceso a los servicios escolares, tales
como requerir licencias de conducir de los padres
para registrar a su niño;
• requerir que un estudiante o sus padres revelen o
documenten su situación inmigratoria;
• demandar que los padres produzcan licencias de
conducir u otros documentos de identificación que
impide que los inmigrantes indocumentados puedan
calificar para el registro de sus hijos; o
• exigir que un estudiante obtenga un número de
seguro social como requisito de admisión a la
escuela.
Los adultos sin números de seguro social que
necesitan almuerzo y/o desayuno gratis sólo tienen
que indicar que no tienen seguro social. Allí debe
terminar.
Además, el Acta Familiar de Derechos y
Privacidad Escolar (Family Education Rights
and Privacy Act) le prohibe a las escuelas
proveer a cualquier agencia externa –
incluyendo la agencia ICE – cualquier
información del archivo personal de un
estudiante que pudiera revelar su estado
legal. La única excepción es cuando una
agencia obtiene una orden judicial –
conocida como una citación o subpoena –
que los padres pueden apelar o retar. El
mero hecho de pedirle tal permiso a los
padres podría violar los derechos
reconocidos por Plyler vs. Doe.
6
7 © IDRA, 2017
Yet a number of schools are posting notices
like these pictured here and on school
websites that indicate Social Security cards
and birth certificates are required before a
family can register their child for school. Such
practices are in direct violation of Plyler vs.
Doe.
Schools should not use Social Security
numbers for identification or registration
purposes. For those schools that do, it should
be clear from the beginning that students who
do not present a Social Security number will
be assigned a number generated by the
school. While schools may request a birth
certificate, they may not bar students from
enrolling if they do not have a birth certificate.
7
Violates Plyler vs.
Doe
8 © IDRA, 2017
Sin embargo, un número de escuelas está
publicando avisos como en la foto aquí y en sitios
web escolares que indican que tarjetas de Seguro
Social y certificados de nacimiento son necesarios
antes de que una familia pueda registrar a su hijo
en la escuela. Estas prácticas constituyen una
violación directa de Plyler vs. Doe.
Las escuelas no deben usar números de Seguro
Social para fines de identificación o registro. Para
aquellas escuelas que lo hagan, debe estar claro
desde el principio que a los estudiantes que no
presenten un número de Seguro Social se les
asignará un número generado por la escuela.
Aunque las escuelas pueden solicitar un certificado
de nacimiento, no pueden impedir que los
estudiantes se inscriban si no tienen un certificado
de nacimiento.
8
Viola Plyler vs. Doe
9 © IDRA, 2017
Some school districts are including language in their enrollment notices, like:
Not only should undocumented students not be discouraged from attending, they are required
to attend school under the state’s compulsory education laws. And parents should be assured
that the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act restricts schools from sharing information
with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency.
• “If the student does not have a Social Security number, XYZ ISD will assign a Public
Education Information Management System (PEIMS) number. No student may be
denied enrollment solely because of failure to meet the documentation requirements.
Enrollment is provisional, however, pending receipt of the required documentation and
verification of eligibility.”
• “The XYZ Independent School District does
not prevent students from enrolling if a Social
Security card is not presented. The Social
Security Number is used for identification
purposes when reporting student information
to the Texas Education Agency. The campus
will assign a computer generated number
when a card is not presented.”
• “Providing a Social Security card or number is
optional. The XYZ Independent School District
will not refuse enrollment of any student
opting not to provide a Social Security
card/number. In lieu, a state identification
number will be provided for educational
purposes only.”
9
10 © IDRA, 2017
Algunos distritos escolares están incluyendo lenguaje en sus avisos de inscripción,
como:
A los estudiantes indocumentados no se debe desalientar asistir. Están requeridos a asistir
la escuela de acuerdo a las leyes de educación obligatoria estatales. Los padres deben
ser asegurados de que la Ley de Derechos Educativos y Privacidad Familiar restringe
escuelas de compartir información con la agencia de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas.
• “El Distrito Escolar Independiente de XYZ no
impide que los estudiantes se matriculen si una
tarjeta de Seguro Social no es presentada. El
número de Seguro Social se usa para el proposito
de identificación al reportar la información del
estudiante a la Agencia de Educación de Texas. El
campus asignará un número generado por
computadora cuando no se presenta una tarjeta.”
• “Proporcionar una tarjeta de Seguro Social o
número es opcional. El Distrito Escolar
Independiente de XYZ no le negará la inscripción
a cualquier estudiante por optar no proporcionar
una tarjeta / número de Seguro Social. En su
lugar, se le proporcionará un número de
identificación estatal sólo para propositos
educativos.”• “Si el estudiante no tiene un número de Seguro Social, XYZ ISD le asignará un número
otorgado por Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS). No se le puede
negar la inscripción a ningún estudiante por el solo hecho de no cumplir con los requisitos de
documentación. La inscripción es provisional, sin embargo, durante la documentación y
verificación de elegibilidad requerida.”
10
11 © IDRA, 2017
At IDRA, we are working to strengthen schools to work for all children, families and
communities. Help us make this goal a reality for every child; we simply cannot afford
the alternatives. Denying children of undocumented workers access to an education is
unconstitutional and against the law.
En IDRA, nos unimos a educadores para fortalecer a las escuelas a proveer la
igualdad de oportunidad y practicar equitativamente un programa de instrucción para
todos los niños, familias y comunidades. Ayúdenos a hacer de este objetivo una
realidad para todos los niños. Negando a los niños el acceso a la educación es.
11
12 © IDRA, 2017
Legal Issues for School Districts Related to the
Education of Undocumented Children, National
School Boards Association & NEA, 2009
http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/09undocumentedchildr
en.pdf
Plyler vs. Doe decision
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/457/202
Listen to IDRA’s Classnotes Podcast episode
on “Immigrant Children’s Rights to Attend Public
Schools.”
http://budurl.com/IDRApod94
IDRA EAC-South – The federally-funded equity
assistance center that serves schools and districts in
Washington, D.C., and 11 states: Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas
and Virginia.
http://www.idra.org/eac-south/
12
Resources…
13 © IDRA, 2017
Letter from the U.S. Department of Justice and
the U.S. Department of Education (May 2014)
advising school officials that activities that deny or
discourage students to attend school are unlawful.
• http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/edu/documents/plylerletter.pdf
The Texas Education Agency issued official
guidance in a 2016 letter.
• http://www.theotx.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TEA-2016-
17-legal-annual-ltr.pdf
Educational Services for Immigrant Children and
Those Recently Arrived to the United
States, U.S. Department of Education guidance,
resources and frequently asked questions.
• http://www2.ed.gov/policy/rights/guid/unaccompanied-
children.html
For help in ensuring that your programs
comply with federal law, visit IDRA’s
website for a printable flier in English and
Spanish as well as a copy of the letter from
the U.S. Department of Justice and the
U.S. Department of Education.
For more information or to report incidents
of school exclusion or delay, call:
• META (Nationwide) 617- 628-2226
• MALDEF (Los Angeles) 213-629-2512
• MALDEF (San Antonio) 210-224-5476
• NY Immigration Hotline (Nationwide) 212-
419-3737
• MALDEF (Chicago) 312-427-0701
• MALDEF (Washington, D.C.) 202-293-
2828
• RAICES 210-226-7722
13
Resources…
14 © IDRA, 2017
Joint guidance letter from the U.S.
Departments of Education and Justice
describing the obligations of states and
school districts under federal law to provide
all children – regardless of immigration status
– with equal access to public education at the
elementary and secondary levels. The letter
also is available in Spanish.
• English
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-
201405.pdf
• Spanish
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-
201405-sp.pdf
Guidance* is available in
• Spanish, http://budurl.com/USDOEimS
• Chinese, http://budurl.com/USDOEimC
• Arabic, http://budurl.com/USDOEimA
• Korean, http://budurl.com/USDOEimK
• Tagalog, http://budurl.com/USDOEimT
• Vietnamese. http://budurl.com/USDOEimV
school. The factsheet also is available
in Spanish.
• English http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/dcl-
factsheet-201405.pdf
• Spanish http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-
201405-sp.pdf
Question and Answer Document for states,
school districts, and parents; also available
in Spanish.
• English: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-
201405.pdf
• Spanish: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/dcl-
factsheet-201405-sp.pdf
The following education resources are targeted to elementary and
secondary school-aged students and their families.
A Plyler vs. Doe factsheet
containing information on the
rights of all children to enroll in
New Immigrant Guide –
Guidance from the U.S.
Citizenship and Immigration
Services provides basic
information for new immigrants,
including information about
education, childcare, and
schools, available in 14
languages.
• http://www.uscis.gov/tools/green-card-
resources/welcome-united-states
14
* These documents were archived in early 2017.
Updated versions may be available.
15 © IDRA, 2017
English Language Learner Resources –
This website contains resources for English
language learners. Federal laws prohibit denial
of equal access to education because of a
student's limited proficiency in English. States
and school districts must provide English
learner students with language assistance
services so that they can meaningfully
participate in education programs.
Additionally, states and school districts must
ensure that they effectively communicate to
limited English proficient parents and
caretakers the information that is provided to
English-speaking parents. Information on equal
access to a high-quality education also is
available in Spanish.
• English:
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ellresources.htm
l
• Spanish:
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/equalacce
ss2004-sp.html
Questions and Answers about Education
Records – Schools maintain education records
about students who are or were enrolled in the
school. Education records can be used when
students apply for college or entry into other
types of education programs such as career
training programs, as well as when students
request DACA. This document provides
answers to frequently asked questions about
education records, including types of records,
what they contain, how to locate them, and
how to request them.
• http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-201405.pdf
Migrant Education Program (MEP) –
This website provides an overview of the
Migrant Education Program, which funds
support high-quality education programs for
migratory children and ensure migratory
children who move between states are not
penalized for disparities in curriculum,
graduation requirements, academic
achievement standards, or academic content.
• http://www2.ed.gov/programs/mep/index.html
15
Resources…
16 © IDRA, 2017
High School Equivalency Program (HEP) –
This website provides an overview of the High School
Equivalency Program, a program designed to help
migrant and seasonal farm workers and members of
their immediate families obtain the equivalent of a
high school diploma and to gain employment or begin
postsecondary education or training.
• http://www2.ed.gov/programs/hep/index.html
White House Initiative on Education Excellence
for Hispanics (WHIEEH) – This webpage provides
an overview of WHIEEH, including its purpose,
objectives, contact information, and relevant links.
The WHIEEH aims to increase the education
outcomes for Hispanic students, from cradle-to-
career. WHIEEH is also on Facebook and Twitter.
• Webpage http://www.ed.gov/edblogs/hispanic-initiative/
• Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/W.H.I.onEducationExcellenceforHispanics
• Twitter https://twitter.com/HispanicEd
White House Initiative on Asian Americans and
Pacific Islanders (AAPI) – This webpage provides
an overview of the AAPI initiative, including facts and
data, resources, and contact information.
• http://budurl.com/AAPI
16
Resources…
17 © IDRA, 2017
Intercultural Development Research
Association
Dr. María “Cuca” Robledo Montecel, President & CEO
5815 Callaghan Road, Suite 101
San Antonio, Texas 78228
210-444-1710 • contact@idra.org
www.idra.org
Our mission is to achieve equal educational opportunity for
every child through strong public schools that prepare all
students to access and succeed in college.
Sign up to get IDRA
news by email
Printable one-page flier
in English & Spanish
Classnotes Podcast on the
rights of immigrant students
to attend public school
17

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eBook Immigrant Students’ Rights to Attend Public Schools 2017

  • 1. 1 Immigrant Students’ Rights to Attend Public Schools Public schools, by law, must serve all children. The education of undocumented students is guaranteed by the Plyler vs. Doe decision, and certain procedures must be followed when registering immigrant children in school to avoid violation of their civil rights. Recent executive orders issued by the Administration do not alter the right of undocumented students to receive a free public education. La educación de los estudiantes indocumentados está garantizada por la decisión Plyler vs. Doe estableciendo ciertos procedimientos que se deben ejecutar al inscribir a los niños inmigrantes en la escuela para evitar la violación de sus derechos civiles. No se les puede negar el derecho a una educación de calidad. Las órdenes ejecutivas recientes emitidas por la Administración no alteran el derecho de los estudiantes indocumentados a recibir una educación pública gratuita. Derechos de los estudiantes inmigrantes a asistir a escuelas públicas 1
  • 2. 2 © IDRA, 2017 The U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Education published in May 2014 a letter advising school officials that activities that deny or discourage students to attend school are unlawful. The letter begins, “Under federal law, state and local educational agencies are required to provide all children with equal access to public education at the elementary and secondary level.” In Plyler vs. Doe, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that children of undocumented workers have the same right to attend public primary and secondary schools as do U.S. citizens and permanent residents. Like other students, children of undocumented workers in fact are required under state laws to attend school until they reach a mandated age. School personnel – especially building principals and those involved with student intake activities – should be aware that they have no legal obligation to enforce U.S. immigration laws. El Departamento de Justicia de EE.UU. y el Departamento de Educación de EE.UU., ha publicado y distribuido una carta aconsejando a administradores de escuela que el negar o disuadir a estudiantes indocumentados o de padres indocumentados es ilegal y contra este dictamen legal. La carta comienza así: “Bajo la ley federal, agencias educativas tanto estatales como locales están obligadas a proporcionar a todo niño la igualdad de acceso a la educación pública a nivel de primaria y secundaria.” El Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos, en el caso Plyler vs. Doe, dictaminó que los niños de padres indocumentados tienen el mismo derecho de asistir a las escuelas públicas primarias y secundarias que tienen sus contrapartes de nacionalidad estadounidense. Al igual que los demás niños, los estudiantes indocumentados están obligados a asistir a la escuela hasta que llegan a la edad exigida por la ley. Personal de la escuela – en especial la el director y los que admiten los estudiantes – deben ser conscientes de que no tienen la obligación legal de ejecutar cumplir las leyes de inmigración de Estados Unidos. 2
  • 3. 3 © IDRA, 2017 Victimize children – Children do not choose the conditions under which they live in the United States. Many undocumented immigrant parents bring their children to the United States because they are fleeing extreme poverty, violence and lack of opportunities in their homeland. Children should not be punished for circumstances they do not control. They have the right to learn and be useful members of society. Are counterproductive for the country – Denying children access to education does not eliminate illegal immigration. Instead, it ensures the creation of an underclass. Without public education for children, illiteracy rates will increase and opportunities for workforce and community participation will decrease. Research has proven that for every $1 spent on the education of children, at least $9 is returned. Waste valuable time while losing sight of principal goals of public education – Rather than teaching students, school officials would spend their time asking our millions of school children about their citizenship status and trying to navigate the complex federal immigrations laws. States would be forced to spend millions of dollars to do the work of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency. Promote misinformation – Incorrect assumptions and inappropriate figures have been used to blame immigrants and their children for economic problems. Encourage racism and discrimination – In turbulent, financially- troubled times, immigration often becomes a focal point of public discourse. Many consider a preoccupation with the immigration status of children of undocumented workers to be a form of discrimination and racism. Practices that deny or discourage immigrant children and families from public schooling do the following… 3
  • 4. 4 © IDRA, 2017 Victimizar a los niños – Los niños no eligieron las condiciones en las que viven en los Estados Unidos. Muchos padres inmigrantes indocumentados traen a sus hijos a los Estados Unidos porque están huyendo de la pobreza extrema, la violencia y la falta de oportunidades en su tierra natal. Los niños no deben ser castigados por circunstancias que no controlan. Ellos tienen el derecho de aprender y ser miembros útiles de la sociedad. Es contraproducente para el país – El negar a estos niños el acceso a la educación no elimina la inmigración ilegal, sino que crea una subclase económica en el país. Aumentarán las tasas de analfabetismo y se reducirá la participación de éstos en las comunidades donde viven. Según las investigaciones, cada dólar que se invierte en la educación de estos niños tiene un rendimiento de por lo menos nueve dólares en beneficios para el país. Es tiempo valioso que se pierde cuando perdemos la meta principal de la escuela – Se pierde mucho tiempo, que se podría emplear mejor en la educación de estos niños, cuando los educadores se enfocan en determinar la ciudadanía de cada estudiante. Esa no es la responsabilidad del educador. El educador conciente de su responsabilidad no tiene el tiempo ni debe permitir que se le agregue esta responsabilidad. Cuidado con la información incorrecta – La distribución de suposiciones y cifras incorrectas ha causado mucho daño y creado un ambiente de incertidumbre y fricción entre grupos de ciudadanos. Impulsan el racismo y la discriminación– Estamos viviendo en una época de mucha discordia y dificultades económicas en este país. Siempre que esto sucede renace esta preocupación por la inmigración que muchos consideran como Prácticas que niegan o desalientan a los niños y familias inmigrantes de la escuela pública resultan en lo siguient… 4
  • 5. 5 © IDRA, 2017 As a result of the Plyler ruling, public schools may not… • make inquiries of students or parents intended to expose their undocumented status; • deny admission to a student during initial enrollment or at any other time on the basis of undocumented status; • treat a student differently to determine residency; • engage in any practices to “chill” the right of access to school, such as requiring driver’s licenses of parents to register their child; • require students or parents to disclose or document their immigration status; • demand that parents produce driver’s licenses or other identification documents for which undocumented immigrants may not qualify for registering children; or • require social security numbers from all students, as this may expose undocumented status. Adults without social security numbers who are applying for a free lunch and/or breakfast program for a student need only state on the application that they do not have a social security number. The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act prohibits schools from providing any outside agency – including the ICE agency – with any information from a child’s school file that would expose the student’s undocumented status. The only exception is if an agency gets a court order (subpoena) that parents can then challenge. Schools should note that even requesting such permission from parents might act to “chill” a student’s Plyler rights. 5
  • 6. 6 © IDRA, 2017 A raíz de la decisión Plyler, las escuelas públicas no pueden… • interrogar a estudiantes o padres con la intención de obligarlos a exponer y revelar su situación de indocumentados; • negarle la matrícula a un estudiante basándose en su situación legal y/o inmigratoria, ya sea a principios del curso o durante el año escolar; • tratar a un estudiante en forma desigual verificando la situación de residencia de ciertos estudiantes; • promover prácticas cuyo resultado es negar el derecho de acceso a los servicios escolares, tales como requerir licencias de conducir de los padres para registrar a su niño; • requerir que un estudiante o sus padres revelen o documenten su situación inmigratoria; • demandar que los padres produzcan licencias de conducir u otros documentos de identificación que impide que los inmigrantes indocumentados puedan calificar para el registro de sus hijos; o • exigir que un estudiante obtenga un número de seguro social como requisito de admisión a la escuela. Los adultos sin números de seguro social que necesitan almuerzo y/o desayuno gratis sólo tienen que indicar que no tienen seguro social. Allí debe terminar. Además, el Acta Familiar de Derechos y Privacidad Escolar (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act) le prohibe a las escuelas proveer a cualquier agencia externa – incluyendo la agencia ICE – cualquier información del archivo personal de un estudiante que pudiera revelar su estado legal. La única excepción es cuando una agencia obtiene una orden judicial – conocida como una citación o subpoena – que los padres pueden apelar o retar. El mero hecho de pedirle tal permiso a los padres podría violar los derechos reconocidos por Plyler vs. Doe. 6
  • 7. 7 © IDRA, 2017 Yet a number of schools are posting notices like these pictured here and on school websites that indicate Social Security cards and birth certificates are required before a family can register their child for school. Such practices are in direct violation of Plyler vs. Doe. Schools should not use Social Security numbers for identification or registration purposes. For those schools that do, it should be clear from the beginning that students who do not present a Social Security number will be assigned a number generated by the school. While schools may request a birth certificate, they may not bar students from enrolling if they do not have a birth certificate. 7 Violates Plyler vs. Doe
  • 8. 8 © IDRA, 2017 Sin embargo, un número de escuelas está publicando avisos como en la foto aquí y en sitios web escolares que indican que tarjetas de Seguro Social y certificados de nacimiento son necesarios antes de que una familia pueda registrar a su hijo en la escuela. Estas prácticas constituyen una violación directa de Plyler vs. Doe. Las escuelas no deben usar números de Seguro Social para fines de identificación o registro. Para aquellas escuelas que lo hagan, debe estar claro desde el principio que a los estudiantes que no presenten un número de Seguro Social se les asignará un número generado por la escuela. Aunque las escuelas pueden solicitar un certificado de nacimiento, no pueden impedir que los estudiantes se inscriban si no tienen un certificado de nacimiento. 8 Viola Plyler vs. Doe
  • 9. 9 © IDRA, 2017 Some school districts are including language in their enrollment notices, like: Not only should undocumented students not be discouraged from attending, they are required to attend school under the state’s compulsory education laws. And parents should be assured that the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act restricts schools from sharing information with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency. • “If the student does not have a Social Security number, XYZ ISD will assign a Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) number. No student may be denied enrollment solely because of failure to meet the documentation requirements. Enrollment is provisional, however, pending receipt of the required documentation and verification of eligibility.” • “The XYZ Independent School District does not prevent students from enrolling if a Social Security card is not presented. The Social Security Number is used for identification purposes when reporting student information to the Texas Education Agency. The campus will assign a computer generated number when a card is not presented.” • “Providing a Social Security card or number is optional. The XYZ Independent School District will not refuse enrollment of any student opting not to provide a Social Security card/number. In lieu, a state identification number will be provided for educational purposes only.” 9
  • 10. 10 © IDRA, 2017 Algunos distritos escolares están incluyendo lenguaje en sus avisos de inscripción, como: A los estudiantes indocumentados no se debe desalientar asistir. Están requeridos a asistir la escuela de acuerdo a las leyes de educación obligatoria estatales. Los padres deben ser asegurados de que la Ley de Derechos Educativos y Privacidad Familiar restringe escuelas de compartir información con la agencia de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas. • “El Distrito Escolar Independiente de XYZ no impide que los estudiantes se matriculen si una tarjeta de Seguro Social no es presentada. El número de Seguro Social se usa para el proposito de identificación al reportar la información del estudiante a la Agencia de Educación de Texas. El campus asignará un número generado por computadora cuando no se presenta una tarjeta.” • “Proporcionar una tarjeta de Seguro Social o número es opcional. El Distrito Escolar Independiente de XYZ no le negará la inscripción a cualquier estudiante por optar no proporcionar una tarjeta / número de Seguro Social. En su lugar, se le proporcionará un número de identificación estatal sólo para propositos educativos.”• “Si el estudiante no tiene un número de Seguro Social, XYZ ISD le asignará un número otorgado por Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS). No se le puede negar la inscripción a ningún estudiante por el solo hecho de no cumplir con los requisitos de documentación. La inscripción es provisional, sin embargo, durante la documentación y verificación de elegibilidad requerida.” 10
  • 11. 11 © IDRA, 2017 At IDRA, we are working to strengthen schools to work for all children, families and communities. Help us make this goal a reality for every child; we simply cannot afford the alternatives. Denying children of undocumented workers access to an education is unconstitutional and against the law. En IDRA, nos unimos a educadores para fortalecer a las escuelas a proveer la igualdad de oportunidad y practicar equitativamente un programa de instrucción para todos los niños, familias y comunidades. Ayúdenos a hacer de este objetivo una realidad para todos los niños. Negando a los niños el acceso a la educación es. 11
  • 12. 12 © IDRA, 2017 Legal Issues for School Districts Related to the Education of Undocumented Children, National School Boards Association & NEA, 2009 http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/HE/09undocumentedchildr en.pdf Plyler vs. Doe decision http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/457/202 Listen to IDRA’s Classnotes Podcast episode on “Immigrant Children’s Rights to Attend Public Schools.” http://budurl.com/IDRApod94 IDRA EAC-South – The federally-funded equity assistance center that serves schools and districts in Washington, D.C., and 11 states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. http://www.idra.org/eac-south/ 12 Resources…
  • 13. 13 © IDRA, 2017 Letter from the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Education (May 2014) advising school officials that activities that deny or discourage students to attend school are unlawful. • http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/edu/documents/plylerletter.pdf The Texas Education Agency issued official guidance in a 2016 letter. • http://www.theotx.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TEA-2016- 17-legal-annual-ltr.pdf Educational Services for Immigrant Children and Those Recently Arrived to the United States, U.S. Department of Education guidance, resources and frequently asked questions. • http://www2.ed.gov/policy/rights/guid/unaccompanied- children.html For help in ensuring that your programs comply with federal law, visit IDRA’s website for a printable flier in English and Spanish as well as a copy of the letter from the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Department of Education. For more information or to report incidents of school exclusion or delay, call: • META (Nationwide) 617- 628-2226 • MALDEF (Los Angeles) 213-629-2512 • MALDEF (San Antonio) 210-224-5476 • NY Immigration Hotline (Nationwide) 212- 419-3737 • MALDEF (Chicago) 312-427-0701 • MALDEF (Washington, D.C.) 202-293- 2828 • RAICES 210-226-7722 13 Resources…
  • 14. 14 © IDRA, 2017 Joint guidance letter from the U.S. Departments of Education and Justice describing the obligations of states and school districts under federal law to provide all children – regardless of immigration status – with equal access to public education at the elementary and secondary levels. The letter also is available in Spanish. • English http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague- 201405.pdf • Spanish http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague- 201405-sp.pdf Guidance* is available in • Spanish, http://budurl.com/USDOEimS • Chinese, http://budurl.com/USDOEimC • Arabic, http://budurl.com/USDOEimA • Korean, http://budurl.com/USDOEimK • Tagalog, http://budurl.com/USDOEimT • Vietnamese. http://budurl.com/USDOEimV school. The factsheet also is available in Spanish. • English http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/dcl- factsheet-201405.pdf • Spanish http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa- 201405-sp.pdf Question and Answer Document for states, school districts, and parents; also available in Spanish. • English: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa- 201405.pdf • Spanish: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/dcl- factsheet-201405-sp.pdf The following education resources are targeted to elementary and secondary school-aged students and their families. A Plyler vs. Doe factsheet containing information on the rights of all children to enroll in New Immigrant Guide – Guidance from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services provides basic information for new immigrants, including information about education, childcare, and schools, available in 14 languages. • http://www.uscis.gov/tools/green-card- resources/welcome-united-states 14 * These documents were archived in early 2017. Updated versions may be available.
  • 15. 15 © IDRA, 2017 English Language Learner Resources – This website contains resources for English language learners. Federal laws prohibit denial of equal access to education because of a student's limited proficiency in English. States and school districts must provide English learner students with language assistance services so that they can meaningfully participate in education programs. Additionally, states and school districts must ensure that they effectively communicate to limited English proficient parents and caretakers the information that is provided to English-speaking parents. Information on equal access to a high-quality education also is available in Spanish. • English: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ellresources.htm l • Spanish: http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/equalacce ss2004-sp.html Questions and Answers about Education Records – Schools maintain education records about students who are or were enrolled in the school. Education records can be used when students apply for college or entry into other types of education programs such as career training programs, as well as when students request DACA. This document provides answers to frequently asked questions about education records, including types of records, what they contain, how to locate them, and how to request them. • http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/qa-201405.pdf Migrant Education Program (MEP) – This website provides an overview of the Migrant Education Program, which funds support high-quality education programs for migratory children and ensure migratory children who move between states are not penalized for disparities in curriculum, graduation requirements, academic achievement standards, or academic content. • http://www2.ed.gov/programs/mep/index.html 15 Resources…
  • 16. 16 © IDRA, 2017 High School Equivalency Program (HEP) – This website provides an overview of the High School Equivalency Program, a program designed to help migrant and seasonal farm workers and members of their immediate families obtain the equivalent of a high school diploma and to gain employment or begin postsecondary education or training. • http://www2.ed.gov/programs/hep/index.html White House Initiative on Education Excellence for Hispanics (WHIEEH) – This webpage provides an overview of WHIEEH, including its purpose, objectives, contact information, and relevant links. The WHIEEH aims to increase the education outcomes for Hispanic students, from cradle-to- career. WHIEEH is also on Facebook and Twitter. • Webpage http://www.ed.gov/edblogs/hispanic-initiative/ • Facebook https://www.facebook.com/W.H.I.onEducationExcellenceforHispanics • Twitter https://twitter.com/HispanicEd White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) – This webpage provides an overview of the AAPI initiative, including facts and data, resources, and contact information. • http://budurl.com/AAPI 16 Resources…
  • 17. 17 © IDRA, 2017 Intercultural Development Research Association Dr. María “Cuca” Robledo Montecel, President & CEO 5815 Callaghan Road, Suite 101 San Antonio, Texas 78228 210-444-1710 • contact@idra.org www.idra.org Our mission is to achieve equal educational opportunity for every child through strong public schools that prepare all students to access and succeed in college. Sign up to get IDRA news by email Printable one-page flier in English & Spanish Classnotes Podcast on the rights of immigrant students to attend public school 17